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About the Project

Schreuders, P.D. and Lomander, A., "A Living Laboratory: The Maryland Crayfish Project," Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education, Paper #0065 (2000).

Schreuders, P.D., Blersch, D., Lomander, A., Koh, F., Reddy, P., and Danzy, D. "An Ecological Engineering Project for Combined Undergraduate and Graduate Classes," International Journal of Engineering Education.

"Bringing a Systems Approach to the Classroom - Creating a Self-sustaining Crayfish Habitat" Biological Resources Engineering Facts #191. September (2000).

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General Information

Adey, W. H. and K. Loveland (1998). Dynamic Aquaria: Building Living Ecosystems. San Diego, Academic Press.

American Water Works Association (2000). Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies. New York, New York, McGraw-Hill.

Berg, L., D.W. Martin and E.P. Solomon. Biology. Sanders College Publishing: Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 174-193.

Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, et al. (1991). General Microbiology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall.

Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, et al. (1994). Biology of Microorganisms. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Dawes, C. J. (1998). Marine Botany. New York, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Day, J. W., C. A. S. Hall, et al. (1989). Estuarine Ecology. New York, John Wiley & Sons.

Grady, C. P. L., G. T. Daigger, et al. (1999). Biological Wastewater Treatment. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gould, James L. and William T. Keeton. Biological Science Sixth Edition. New York, W.W.Norton & Company, 1996, pp. 1168-1169.

Hannon, B. M. and M. Ruth (1997). Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems. New York, Springer-Verlag.

Hopkins, W.G. Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995: pp. 145-160.

Horan, N. J. (1990). Biological Waste Water Treatment Systems: theory and operation. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

James, Barry. Aquarium Plants. Blackburg: Tetra Press, 1997, pp. 22-113

Johnson, A. T. (1999). Biological Process Engineering: an analogical approach to fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer applied to biological systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Koops, H. and U. Moller (1992). The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The Prokaryotes : a handbook on the biology of bacteria : ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. A. Balows. New York, Springer-Verlag. 3: 2625-2637.

Kotz, J. C. and K. F. Purcell (1987). Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity. Philadelphia, Saunders College Publishing.

Leadley-Brown, A. Ecology of Fresh Water. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1971.

McQuarrie, D. A. and P. A. Rock (1987). General Chemistry. New York, W. H. Freeman and Co.

Metcalf & Eddy, I. (1979). Wastewater Engineering: treatment disposal reuse. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Michaud, J.P. A citizen's guide to understanding and monitoring lakes and streams. Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Publications Office: Olympia,1991, pp. 94-149.

Serway, R.A. Physics. Sanders College Publishing: Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 864-891.

Singer, M. and D. Munns. Soils An Introduction. New York: Mamillian Publishing, 1991, 256 pp.

Tortora, G., B. Funke and C. Case. Microbiology: An Introduction. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1998

Vesilind, A. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. PWS Publishing Company: Boston, 1997.

Valiela, I. (1991). Ecology of water columns. Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecology. R. S. K. Barnes and K. H. Mann. Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications: 270.

Wheaton, F. W. (1977). Aquacultural Engineering. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Ecology

Adey, Walter H., and Karen Loveland. Dynamic Aquaria: Building Living Ecosystems. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.

Berg, L., D.W. Martin and E.P. Solomon. Biology. Sanders College Publishing: Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 174-193.

Davis, W. 2001. Environmental Protection Energy. Biological Indicators of Watershed Health. http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/. (2001, October24).

Gould, James L. and William T. Keeton. Biological Science Sixth Edition. New York, W.W.Norton & Company, 1996, pp. 1168-1169.

Leadley-Brown, A. Ecology of Fresh Water. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1971.

Michaud, J.P. A citizen's guide to understanding and monitoring lakes and streams. Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Publications Office: Olympia,1991, pp. 94-149.

Singer, M. and D. Munns. Soils An Introduction. New York: Mamillian Publishing, 1991, 256 pp.

Stover, D. Inside Biosphere II. Popular Science, 236-237, Nov. 1990.

Vesilind, A. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. PWS Publishing Company: Boston, 1997.

Delwiche, C. (1981). Denitrification, Nitrification, and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide. New York, Wiley.

Focht, D. D. and W. Verstraete (1977). "Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification." Adv Microbiol Ecol 1: 135-214.

Grady, C. P. L., G. T. Daigger, et al. (1999). Biological Wastewater Treatment. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gromiec, M. J. (1983). Biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen: river models. Application of Ecological Modeling in Environmental Management, Part A. S. E. Jorgensen. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.: 131-225.

Henriksen, K. and W. M. Kemp (1988). Nitrification in estuarine and coastal marine sediments.Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Marine Environments. T. H. Blackburn and J. Sorensen. New York, John Wiley & Sons: 341-78.

Hobbs, H. H. J. (1972). "The Subgenera of the Crayfish Genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 117: 1-22.

Koops, H. and U. Moller (1992). The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The Prokaryotes : a handbook on the biology of bacteria : ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. A. Balows. New York, Springer-Verlag. 3: 2625-2637.

Lozano, S. (1999). Research monitoring of the Lake Michigan ecosystem. [Online].

Madsen, T. V. and K. Sand-Jensen (1991). "Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in aquatic macrophytes." Aquat Bot 41: 5-40.

Metcalf and Eddy, I. (1979). Wastewater Engineering: treatment disposal reuse. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Mitsch, W. J. and J. K. Cronk (1992). Creation and restoration of wetlands: some design considerations for ecological engineering. Advances in Soil Science. R. Lal and B. A. Stewart. New York, Springer-Verlag.17: 217-259.

Mitsch, W. J. and R. F. Wilson (1996). "Improving the success of wetland creation and restoration with know-how, time, and self-design." 6(1): 77-83.

Musgrove, R. J. B. and M. C. Geddes (1995). "Tissue accumulation and the moult cycle in juveniles of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor" Freshwater Biology (34): 541-558.

Rittmann, B., E. (1987). "Aerobic biological treatment." Environ Sci Technol 21(2): 128-136.

Sawyer, C. N., P. L. McCarty, et al. (1994). Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. New York, McGraw Hill.

Valiela, I. (1991). Ecology of water columns. Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecology. R. S. K.

Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, et al. (1963). The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater. The Sea: ideas and observations on progress in the study of the seas. M. N. Hill. Huntington, R.E. Krieger Publishing Co. 2:26-77.

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Plants

Allen, E. D. and D. H. N. Spence (1981). "The differential ability of aquatic plants to utilize the inorganic carbon supply in fresh waters." New Phytologist 87: 269-283.

Anacharis, Oxygenator Plant (Egeria densa). The Plants Database. 2002. http://plantsdatabase.com/go/551.html (2002, February)

Chambliss, C.G. and K.H. Quesenberry. 2000. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science (UF/IFAS). Cherokee Red Clover. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_AA190.

Dawes, C. J. (1998). Marine Botany. New York, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Day, J. W., C. A. S. Hall, et al. (1989). Estuarine Ecology. New York, John Wiley & Sons.

Dejours, P. (1972). "Comparison of gas transport by convection among animals." Respir Physiol 14(1): 96-104.

Dejours, P. and H. Beekenkamp (1977). "Crayfish respiration as a function of water oxygenation." Respir Physiol 30(1-2): 241-51.

Delwiche, C. (1981). Denitrification, Nitrification, and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide. New York, Wiley.

Domenici, P. and R. W. Blake, Eds. (2000). Biomechanics in Animal Behavior. SEB Experimental Biology Reviews. Oxford, United Kingdom, BIOS Scientific.

Garvin, J. 2000. Noxious Weed Index. http://pi.cdfa.ca.gov/weedinfo/HYDRILLA2.html. (2001, February)

Hall, M. 1995. RedClover. http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/ agronomy/forage/docs/species/rclover.html. (1995, May).

Hopkins, W.G. Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995: pp. 145-160.

Kwan, C. et.al. 2000. Elodea CanadensisŐs Rate of Photosynthesis under Different.

Madsen, T. V. and A. Baattrup-Pedersen (1995). "Regulation of growth and photosynthetic performance in Elodea canadensis in response to inorganic nitrogen." Func Ecol (9): 239-247.

Madsen, T. V., P. Hahn, et al. (1998). "Effects of inorganic carbon supply on the nitrogen requirement of two submerged macrophytes, Elodea canadensis and Callitriche cophocarpa." Aquat Bot (62): 95-106.

Madsen, T. V. and K. Sand-Jensen (1991). "Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in aquatic macrophytes." Aquat Bot 41: 5-40.

Norwood, C. 2000. Java Moss. http://www.petfish.net/jmoss.htm. (2002, February 5)

Teutsch, C. D., R. M. Sulc, et al. (2000). "Banded phosphorus effects on alfalfa seedling growth and productivity after temporary waterlogging." Agro J(92): 48-54.

Thornley, J. H. M. (1976). Mathematical Models in Plant Physiology: a quantitative approach to problems in plant and crop physiology. New York, Academic Press.

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Animals

Adegboye, D. (1981). Table size and physiological condition of the crayfish in relation to calcium ion accumulation. 5th International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Davis, CA.

Adegboye, J. D., I. R. Hagadorn, et al. (1974). Variations in hemolymph calcium associated with the molting cycle in the crayfish. 2nd International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Baton Rouge, LA.

Armitage, K. B. and T. J. Wall (1982). "The effects of body size, starvation and temperature acclimation on oxygen consumption of the crayfish Orconectes nais." Comp Biochem Physiol 73A(1): 63-68.

Beamish, F. W. H., A. J. Niimi, et al. (1975). Bioenergetics of Teleost Fishes: Environmental Influences. Comparative Physiology - Functional Aspects of Structural Materials. Bolis, H. P. Maddrell and K. Schmidt-Nielson. Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Company: 187-209.

Brett, J. R. and T. D. D. Groves (1979). "Growth Rate of Young Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Relation to Fish Size and Ration Level." J. Fish Res. Bd. Canada 32: 2103-2110.

Churchill, E.P. and S.I. Lewis. Food and Feeding in fresh-water mussels. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries 39: 439-471, 1924.

Davis, G. E. and C. E. Warren (1971). Estimation of food consumption rates. Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. W. E. Ricker, Blackwell Scientific Publications. 3:227-248.

Dejours, P. (1972). "Comparison of gas transport by convection among animals." Respir Physiol 14(1): 96-104.

Dejours, P. and H. Beekenkamp (1977). "Crayfish respiration as a function of water oxygenation." Respir Physiol 30(1-2): 241-51.

Domenici, P. and R. W. Blake, Eds. (2000). Biomechanics in Animal Behavior. SEB Experimental Biology Reviews. Oxford, United Kingdom, BIOS Scientific.

Ellis, B. and S. Morris (1995). "Effects of extreme pH on the physiology of the Australian 'yabby' Cherax destructor: acute and chronic changes in haemolymph oxygen levels, oxygen consumption and metabolic levels." J Exp Biol 198(Pt 2): 409-18.

Fischer, Z. (1977). "Some Remarks on Nitrogen Excretion by Fish." Pol Arch Hydrobiol 24(3): 355-360.

Forster, R. P. and L. Goldstein (1969). Formation of Excretory Products. Fish Physiology Vol. I. Excretion, Ionic Regulation and Metabolism, Academic Press. 1:313-350.

Groves, R. E. (1985). The Crayfish: Its Nature and Nurture. Oxford, United Kingdom, Blackwell Scientific, Inc.

Gutierrez-Yurrita, P. J. and C. Montes (2001). "Bioenergetics of juveniles of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)." Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130 (1): 29-38.

Goldmand, Charles R.,ed. Freshwater Crayfish: Papers from the Fifth International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Davis, California, USA, 1981. Connecticut: Avi, 1983.

Groves, Roy E. The Crayfish: Its Nature and Nurture. Farmham: Fishing News Books Ltd, 1985.

Gutzmer, M. P. and J. R. Tomasso (1985). "Nitrite toxicity to the crayfish Procambarus clarkii." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 34(3): 369-76.

Harrel, Reginal M. "Crawfish Culture In Maryland." Crawfish Aquaculture Workbook Series. College Park: Maryland Sea Grant Extension, University of Maryland System.

Hobbs, H. H. J. (1972). "The Subgenera of the Crayfish Genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 117: 1-22.

Hobbs, H. H. J. (1984). "On the Distribution of the Crayfish Genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 4: 12-24.

Hobbs, H. H. J. (1989). "An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda:Astacidae,Cambaridae, andParastacidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 480: 1-236.

Holdic, D.M., and F Gherardi. "Native and Alien Crayfish in Europe: an introduction." In: Crustaceans Issues 11, edited by D.M.

Holdich, and F. Gherardi. Netherlands: A.A.Balkema, 1999, pp. 3-9.

Holdich, D. M., Ed. (2002). Biology of Freshwater Crayfish. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press.

Holdich, D. M. and R. S. Lowery (1988). Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, Management, and Exploitation. London, Timber Press.

Huner, J.V. "Aquaculture of Freshwater Crayfish." In:World Animal Science 4, edited by C.E. Nash. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 45-66.

Huner, Jay V, ed. Freshwater Crayfish Aquaculture. New York: Food Products Press, 1994.

Huner, J. V. (1999). "Keeping Crawfish as Pets." Aquaculture Magazine 25(2): 54-62.

Huner, J. V. and O. V. Lindqvist (1995). "Physiological adaptions of freshwater crayfishes that permit successful aquacultural enterprises." Amer Zool (35): 12-19.

Huner, J. V., S. P. Meyers, et al. (1975). Response and growth of freshwater crawfish to an extruded, water stable diet. International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Baton Rouge, LA, Louisiana State University of Continuing Education.

Huxley, T. H. (1977). The Crayfish: an Introduction to the study of zoology. Cambridge, MIT Press.

Ingle, R. Crayfishes, Lobsters, and Crabs of Europe: An Illustrated Guide to Common and Traded Species, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1997: p. 1-30, 184-185.

The International Association of Astacology. Online http://www.uku.fi/english/organizations/IAA (2002, March)

Lange, J. H. (1996). "Dominance in crayfish." Science 272(5258): 18.

Largiader, C. R., F. Herger, et al. (2000). "Assessment of natural and artificial propagation of the white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes species complex) in the Alpine region with nuclear and mitochondrial markers." Mol Ecol 9(1): 25-37.

Larimer, J. L. and J. R. Tindel (1966). "Sensory modifications of heart rate in crayfish." Anim Behav 14(2): 239-45.

Louisiana State University: Crawfish. http://asterix.ednet.lsu.edu/ ~kfossey/wetlands/crawfish.html (2002, February)

Lovelace, J.K. Water requirements for crawfish farming. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Dept. of Transportation and Development, 1994. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Devil Crayfish Facts Sheet. http://www.dnr.state.md.us/ wildlife/devilcrayfish.html (2002, February 28)

McClain, W. R., J. L. Avery, et al. (1998). Crawfish Production: Production Systems and Forages. Stoneville, Southern Regional Aquaculture Center :4.

Musgrove, R. J. B. and M. C. Geddes (1995). "Tissue accumulation and the moult cycle in juveniles of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor." Freshwater Biology (34): 541-558.

Norwood, C. 2000. Java Moss. http://www.petfish.net/jmoss.htm. (2002, February 5)

Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, et al. (1963). The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater. The Sea: ideas and observations on progress in the study of the seas. M. N. Hill. Huntington, R.E. Krieger Publishing Co. 2:26-7

Singer, M. and D. Munns. Soils An Introduction. New York: Mamillian Publishing, 1991, 256 pp.

Smit, M.G. Water treatment using mussels and macro algae. Ecological Risk Studies. Netherlands: TNO Environmental, Energy and Process Innovation, 2000.

Varley, D. and P. Greenaway (1994). "Nitrogenous excretion in the terrestrial carnivorous crab Geograpsus Grayi: site and mechanism of excretion." J Exp Biol 190(1): 179-93.

Villarreal, H. (1990). "Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption and heart rate of the Australian crayfish Cherax tenuimanus (smith)." Comp Biochem Physiol (95A): 189-193.

Wheaton, F. W. (1977). Aquacultural Engineering. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Whetstone, J. Commercial Crawfish Production. South Carolina: South Carolina Marine Extension Program, 1998, 16 pp.

Zanotto, F. P. (1993). "The effect of ambient pH on electrolyte regulation during the postmolt period in freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii." J Exp Biol (178): 1-19.

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Bacteria

Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, et al. (1991). General Microbiology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall.

Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, et al. (1994). Biology of Microorganisms. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Bundgay, H. R. (1967). "Dynamic analysis of microbial systems." Water Sewage Works(114): 190-196.

Delwiche, C. (1981). Denitrification, Nitrification, and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide. New York, Wiley.

Focht, D. D. and W. Verstraete (1977). "Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification." Adv Microbiol Ecol 1: 135-214.

Grady, C. P. L., G. T. Daigger, et al. (1999). Biological Wastewater Treatment. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Horan, N. J. (1990). Biological Waste Water Treatment Systems: theory and operation. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Jannasch, H. W. and P. S. Williams (1985). Advances in Aquatic Microbiology. New York, Academic Press.

Koops, H. and U. Moller (1992). The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The Prokaryotes : a handbook on the biology of bacteria : ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. A. Balows. New York, Springer-Verlag. 3: 2625-2637.

Rittmann, B., E. (1987). "Aerobic biological treatment." Environ Sci Technol 21(2): 128-136.

Rittmann, B., E. and P. L. McCarty (1980). "Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics." Biotech Bioeng XXII: 2359-2373.

Tortora, G., B. Funke and C. Case. Microbiology: An Introduction. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1998.

Young, T. B., D. F. Bruley, et al. (1970). "A dynamic mathematical model of the chemostat." Biotechnol Bioeng (12): 747-769.

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Water Quality

American Water Works Association (2000). Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies. New York, New York, McGraw-Hill.

Blackburn, T. H. and J. Sorensen (1988). Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Marine Environment, John Wiley & Sons.

Bundgay, H. R. (1967). "Dynamic analysis of microbial systems." Water Sewage Works (114): 190-196.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Ammonia. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2000.

Davis, W. 2001.Environmental Protection Energy. Biological Indicators of Watershed Health. http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/. (2001, October 24).

Day, J. W., C. A. S. Hall, et al. (1989). Estuarine Ecology. New York, John Wiley & Sons.

Delwiche, C. (1981). Denitrification, Nitrification, and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide. New York, Wiley.

Department of Natural Resources, Kentucky: "Alkalinity and Water Quality" http://water.nr.state.ky.us/ww/ramp/rmalk.htm (2002, March 1).

Focht, D. D. and W. Verstraete (1977). "Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification." Adv Microbiol Ecol 1: 135-214.

Grady, C. P. L., G. T. Daigger, et al. (1999). Biological Wastewater Treatment. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gromiec, M. J. (1983). Biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen: river models.Application of Ecological Modeling in Environmental Management, Part A. S. E. Jorgensen. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.: 131-225.

Gromiec, M. J., D. P. Loucks, et al. (1983). Stream quality modeling. Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs. G. T. Orob. New York, Wiley Interscience: 176-226.

Grunditz, C. (1999). Bioassays for the Determination of Nitrification. Stockholm, Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology.

Horan, N. J. (1990). Biological Waste Water Treatment Systems: theory and operation. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Jenkins, S. H. (1969). "Nitrification." Water Pollution Control: 610-618.

Jorgensen, S. E. (1983). Modeling the ecological processes. Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes and Reservoirs. G. T. Orob. New York, Wiley Interscience.12:116-149.

Jorgensen, S. E. and M. J. Gromiec (1989). Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, B. V.

Leadley-Brown, A. Ecology of Fresh Water. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1971.

Lovelace, J.K. Water requirements for crawfish farming. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Dept. of Transportation and Development, 1994.

Lozano, S. (1999). Research monitoring of the Lake Michigan ecosystem. [Online].

Metcalf & Eddy, I. (1979). Wastewater Engineering: treatment disposal reuse. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Michaud, J.P. A citizen's guide to understanding and monitoring lakes and streams. Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Publications Office: Olympia,1991, pp. 94-149.

Natural Cycles. Online http://www.alienexplorer.com/ecology/topic5.html (2002, March)

Novotny, V. and H. Olem (1994). Water Quality: prevention, identification, and management of diffuse pollution. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Rittmann, B., E. (1987). "Aerobic biological treatment." Environ Sci Technol 21(2): 128-136.

Rittmann, B., E. and P. L. McCarty (1980). "Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics." Biotech Bioeng XXII: 2359-2373.

Sawyer, C. N., P. L. McCarty, et al. (1994). Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. New York, McGraw Hill.

Smit, M.G. Water treatment using mussels and macro algae. Ecological Risk Studies. Netherlands: TNO Environmental, Energy and Process Innovation, 2000.

Snoeyink, V. L. and D. Jenkins (1980). Water Chemistry. New York, John Wiley and Sons.

Stumm, W. and J. J. Morgan (1996). Aquatic Chemistry: chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. New York, John Wiley and Sons.

Valiela, I. (1991). Ecology of water columns. Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecology. R. S. K. Barnes and K. H. Mann. Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications:270.

Water Quality: pH and Alkalinity. University of Massachusetts Floriculture Program. Online: http://www.umass.edu/umext/programs/ agro/floriculture/floral_facts/waterph.htm (2000, January)

Wheaton, F. W. (1977). Aquacultural Engineering. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Ecolocial Modeling

(1997). Stella. Hanover, High Performance Systems, Inc.

Gromiec, M. J. (1983). Biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen: river models. Application of Ecological Modeling in Environmental Management, Part A. S. E. Jorgensen. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.: 131-225.

Gromiec, M. J., D. P. Loucks, et al. (1983). Stream quality modeling. Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs. G. T. Orob. New York, Wiley Interscience: 176-226.

Hannon, B. M. and M. Ruth (1997). Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems. New York, Springer-Verlag.

Jorgensen, S. E. (1983). Modeling the ecological processes. Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes and Reservoirs. G. T. Orob. New York, Wiley Interscience. 12: 116-149.

Jorgensen, S. E. and M. J. Gromiec (1989). Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, B. V.

Mitsch, W. J. and J. K. Cronk (1992). Creation and restoration of wetlands: some design considerations for ecological engineering. Advances in Soil Science. R. Lal and B. A. Stewart. New York, Springer-Verlag. 17: 217-259.

Rittmann, B., E. and P. L. McCarty (1980). "Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics." Biotech Bioeng XXII: 2359-2373.

Thornley, J. H. M. (1976). Mathematical Models in Plant Physiology: a quantitative approach to problems in plant and crop physiology. New York, Academic Press.

Wynn, T. M. and S. K. Liehr (2001). "Development of a constructed subsurface-flow wetland simulation model." Ecol Engr (16): 519-536.

Young, T. B., D. F. Bruley, et al. (1970). "A dynamic mathematical model of the chemostat." Biotechnol Bioeng (12): 747-769.

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